It is a common mistake to consider a female to be responsible for any kind of fertility issues.
Although, in reality, more than fifty percent problems arise due to the spermatogenic failure of the male partner.
In general, it has been observed that the human male species has poor spermatogenesis efficiency and a high proportion of abnormal sperm morphology in comparison with other animal species.
In addition, the quality of semen varies from ejaculation to ejaculation.
These difference can illustrate that the risk of infertility in male human is higher than other animal species.
Besides this natural phenomenon, environmental and lifestyle alterations greatly affect male infertility.
Manmade chemicals pollute the environment, unhealthy diet, and the change in lifestyle to match current trend of living substantially changes the disease pattern.
Infectious disease was the most common cause of death for our ancestors, but medical advancement combat against these diseases by inventing antibiotics.
Today our lifespan has increased though frequently exposed to different synthetic medications and environmental chemicals which may cause poor quality sperm and semen production.
Sedentary lifestyle and desk job office culture also negatively affect male fertility.
In the present scenario, health experts are more concerned about diet and factors.
It is well known that oxygen is essential for life, but due to its strong oxidizing property, it causes free radicals formation within the cellular structures and consequences of this lead to series of structural and functional changes in the organs.
Various external factors, including unhealthy lifestyle and exposure to environmental toxic chemicals, often influence free radicals formation within the cellular structures.
This unnecessary increased burden of free radicals leads to different physiological malfunctioning, including infertility.
Influence of lifestyle factors in male fertility
In the present century, optimum semen quality is only found in 1 in 4 men.
Certain identified lifestyle factors, which have a negative influence on male fertility are as follows:
Today almost every male individuals prefer to wear tight outfits and undergarments and they prefer to do jobs in the office.
In office prolong seating on the desk with wearing tight undergarments and outfits increase the temperature in the male genital organs.
Glass, metal, ceramic industry male workers are often exposed to high temperature due to their occupational reasons, which also causes excess heat exposure to the male genital organs.
Most of the male members prefer to take shower rather than a bath, which also alter scrotal temperature.
Pesticides application in harvesting and agriculture sector increase the tendency of exposure to harmful chemicals by ingesting the foods.
Male members prefer to eat more animal fats containing foods than plant-based foods, which influence several metabolic disorders.
The distance of workplace from residential area and traffic queues influence prolong driving, which not only disturbs body temperature but also increases the atmospheric pollutant exposure timing.
Diet also have maximum influence on fertility issues; like the hormonal treatment of animals to alter the reproduction process can alter the food value of the nutrients, as hormonal residues are present in animal fats and that provides negative impact in the human fertility process.
The increasing trend of soy-containing foods also alter fertility, as soybeans contain phytoestrogens and that alter human hormonal homeostasis.
In recent days, people are influenced to take readily to eat foods or packaged foods due to their fast and sedentary lifestyle.
This packaged food also a source of trans fat and can cause several metabolic disorders and decrease sperm generation ability and poor semen quality.
Males have a tendency of drug abuse for recreational purposes or sports activity or to develop muscle growth.
This unnecessary exposure of the body to foreign materials can increase the tendency of infertility.
Medical science advancement provides us, different chemotherapeutic agents, to combat cancer and infections.
Cancer chemotherapeutic agents, radiation therapy, and antibiotics can adversely affect sperm production.
The above-mentioned factors alter scrotal thermoregulation and sex steroidal activities in male, which poorly regulate spermatogenesis and semen quality.
In addition, an increase in oxidative stress due to adverse environmental and lifestyle factors causes DNA damage and break down of the cell membranes of spermatozoa.
This leads to a large number of abnormal spermatozoa production, impaired sperm motility, and viability.
Pathophysiological causes of male infertility Manifestation of male infertility can occur due to the following reasons:
Low sex drive reduces libido – often healthy lifestyle, proper diet, and supplements can use to boost male libido.
Erectile dysfunction or impotence- this physical condition causes sporadic erection or incapability to develop an erection.
Low sperm count- lower sperm concentration in the semen sample decreases the chance of conceiving the female partner because of fertilization failure.
Sperm motility – mobility of sperm in semen sample negatively affects the possibility of pregnancy.
Sperm motility does not depend upon the sperm count that means increased sperm count does not indicate their viability.
Testosterone levels – low levels of testosterone in the male may cause infertility.